Based on satellite empirical evidence over the last 30 years, the simple answer is 'No', the lower troposphere temperature changes are not correlated with changes in atmospheric CO2 levels.
This first chart presents the moving 12-month changes for both the UAH satellite lower troposphere (LT) and NOAA's atmospheric CO2 levels (ppm).
A quick first glance at the plotted data suggests there may be a decent match between CO2 changes and LT temperature changes. But that is not the case at all, as the statistical correlation between the two is abysmally low, with an R-squared of almost zero +0.0854.
The second chart is more revealing of the lack of
correlation between the two variables. It plots the moving 2-year average of both the LT temperature changes and CO2 level changes.
The 2-year simple averaging of the data variables provides a better view of any relationship between LT temperature changes and changes in CO2 levels, as well as providing visual clues as to why the lack of correlation exists.
It is clear on the second chart that the linear trends of the two variables are moving in opposite directions over time.
While atmospheric CO2 changes are monotonously increasing with a positive trend—i.e., an upward slope—over 30 years, the changes in LT temperatures show a steady negative (downward slope) trend in magnitude.
The R2 between the 2-year averages of the two variables is even lower at a meager +0.0382.
In addition, a closer visual comparison of the two-year averages suggests that more often than not, significant temperature increases/decreases precede significant respective changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, and that is the complete opposite of the "consensus" narrative.
A fair and objective assessment of this empirical evidence indicates that warming in the atmosphere is more likely to be influenced by other factors with multiple times greater impact than the trace gas CO2 from human emissions.
The most recent research by scientists is seriously challenging the belief that human CO2 emissions are causing global warming on land and in the atmosphere. This study and this one are the most recent examples of scientific research challenging the CO2 orthodoxy.
Additional global, regional & historical temperature charts.
Notes: Excel used for all calculations and chart plot. Source for lower troposphere temperature data. Source for CO2 data.